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57 pages 1 hour read

Bright Young Women

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2023

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Symbols & Motifs

The Glass

When Pamela thinks back to her time at the sorority house, she recalls an ongoing prank between the sorority sisters and their neighboring fraternity. The sorority and fraternity would send framed pieces of art from their respective houses back and forth, forcing the recipient to sneak it back to the originating house. Over the course of this prank, Pamela and Denise realized that while the art in the sorority house is framed using inexpensive and poor-quality materials, the art in the fraternity houses is framed using high-quality glass. Every time they receive and return a piece of art from the fraternity house, they return it with the glass having been swapped out, thus gradually giving the sorority house access to high quality materials for their art. The glass symbolizes discrepancy between the genders, masculine privilege, and the need for women to strategically assert themselves. The sorority house, and the young women who live in it, aren’t valued the same way that male students studying at the same campus are. The glass helps protect and preserve the art, making it more resilient over time, which symbolizes how the privilege afforded to the young men sets them up to have more successful and impactful lives.

Because Denise is the first to notice the subtle difference in the framing materials, and the members of the fraternity never catch on to the trick, the glass also symbolizes how women’s intelligence and competence is underestimated, while men are assumed competent or even brilliant. Pamela consistently portrays how The Defendant is revered, while young women like Denise go unrecognized for their many talents. Finally, because the glass is intended to be protective, the use of the cheaper and flimsier plexiglass on the art in the sorority house symbolizes how women’s lives and safety are less valued. Both before and after the attacks at the sorority house, women’s lives are cut short because systems of power and the men who occupy them focus on other priorities than keeping women safe.

Ruth's Skin

When Ruth first meets Tina, she has severe acne, which she’s very self-conscious about. As Ruth explores her relationship with Tina, her skin clears up; it is later revealed that she began to get acne when she began a romantic relationship with her ex-husband, CJ. Ruth’s skin symbolizes the distress she feels when she’s forced to conceal her true identity and desires, and the relief she feels when she can be her authentic self. Although Ruth lies, pretending she’s happy in a heterosexual relationship, her acne symbolizes that she’s lying and pretending to be someone she isn’t. While other aspects of appearance, such as dress and hair color or style, can be modified, the skin on one’s face is typically exposed and hard to conceal. Because of her acne, Ruth becomes obsessed with applying cosmetics to her face, which symbolizes how she’s covering up her true self and the kind of relationship she actually wants to pursue. In addition, Ruth’s acne symbolizes the hypocrisy of her trying to be a good wife out of a desire to please her family; she feels pressure to conform to traditional standards of feminine beauty so that she can be appealing to CJ, but her skin betrays her, and prevents her from feeling truly desirable.

Ruth’s skin condition begins when she starts to pursue an unsatisfying and dishonest relationship; it clears up as she grows closer to Tina and comes to accept and embrace her true self. Ruth’s clear and glowing complexion reflects the peace and happiness she feels when she can live an authentic life and experience a loving partnership with someone who truly supports her. Ironically, while Ruth was socialized and encouraged to conform to certain standards so that she could be attractive to men, she becomes more beautiful when she’s free to explore her true desire to be with women.

The Ferns

At the novel’s end, Pamela and Tina plant ferns in a remote area where they believe Ruth’s body has been buried. They’ve learned that if certain ferns are planted in areas where human remains have decomposed into the soil, the ferns will grow with red leaves. The ferns symbolize the possibility of truth despite lies and concealment. Although Ruth’s disappearance is a mystery for decades, and it seems likely that the truth about her fate will never be known, Tina and Pamela never give up. Because of their persistence, they get to the final steps of confirming Ruth’s resting place. Despite all of the incompetence that left Ruth’s disappearance unsolved, and even efforts from her family to end the case, the ferns symbolize how truth eventually comes to light.

This symbolism reflects a pattern in the novel wherein buried secrets are eventually revealed. Although Pamela’s mother conceals the fact that Pamela was abducted, Pamela eventually finds peace by learning about this aspect of her history. Ruth and Tina both initially struggle with and even try to hide their sexual orientations but eventually realize that they can only be happy when they’re living authentically. In all these cases, social pressures and conformity delay but ultimately can’t prevent truth from coming to light.

In addition, the ferns symbolize resilience in the face of tragedy. While a site where human remains have been hidden is associated with darkness and violence, the growth of plants shows that hope and new beginnings are possible. The last traces of Ruth’s body can nourish and generate something positive, just as her memory and legacy do. The ferns commemorate a violent and traumatic event but also show that Ruth’s legacy (like those of other women who died violent deaths) extends beyond it.

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