53 pages • 1 hour read
The young woman waits at the city’s eastern gate as the last of the crowd returns. She retrieves the crust of bread from an inside pocket. Eating the bread, she runs through the streets toward a group of poor, injured people. They talk about the leader of the mutinous regiment; many of them have relations or lovers in the regiment. The young woman’s name is Marthe. Together with her sister Marya, she is the half-sister of the corporal who led the mutineers. They walk through the streets with his wife, visiting a communal food kitchen where they are treated with scorn. They offer to share their food with the scornful townspeople “for a share in [their] fire” (219). The offer is refused. Amid the uproar, they are chased away and intercepted by a military patrol. They pass by the patrol and hide in a stone stable stall. After some time, Marthe announces that they must see the Mayor.
The mutinous regiment is placed in a hastily constructed prison camp, under the watch of Senegalese guards. Unexpectedly, the guards lead them out of the camp and then abandon them. The men begin to fall wordlessly into their own formations of squads and platoons. The main 13 men are kept in “a small perfectly bare impregnable single windowed cell” (226). As the men outside yell animalistically, the leader of the 13—the corporal—stands at the window and watches. The door swings open and a sergeant tells the men to stand.
General Gragnon meets with the “three old generals” (228). The chief of staff hands Gragnon’s saber to the generals. To the marshal who will decide what to do, Gragnon repeats his request to execute the entire regiment, demanding the deaths of all the men because “there was no ringleader” (233). He recommends that everyone be shot. With the crowd gathering outside, Gragnon is told about the German general visiting the RAF base and shooting his pilot. He watches the crowd outside and then turns from the window. The general’s elderly batman appears in the room and lays food before the marshal.
The marshal is a graduate of the French military academy at St. Cyr. He entered the academy as an orphan from a rich family. His uncle was a cabinet minitart and his godfather was “the board chairman of that gigantic international federation producing munitions” (246). He was the last male of his line when he entered the academy and people soon believed that he possesses “the golden destiny of a hereditary crown prince of paradise” (247). During this time, the French were dealing with recent embarrassments and the young man was presumed to be someone who could restore glory to the institution. He proves his worth, graduating “with the highest marks ever made at the Academy” (249). After graduation, he is sent to a posting in French colonial Africa. He surprises people by taking up a post in “a tiny lost compound” (253) where troops are typically sent as punishment. After six years at the small African posting, he unexpectedly leaves the post and vanishes. His old classmates wonder why someone so feted for an illustrious career would choose to remain in distant, unremarkable postings. His friend, a tall Norman man, hears a story about how the young marshal decided to hand over a brutal and violent soldier under his command to local people so as to prevent a war from breaking out. The Norman tracks down his classmate and finds him in the Middle East. They talk about the future of France and the condition of mankind. The young marshal believes that he must save France, but his Norman friend insists that he “will save man” (264). Years later, the Norman and a colleague and discuss the fortifications being built along the French border with Germany. The Norman reveals that his former classmate is currently “in a Tibetan lamasery” (265) as he was asked to resign after preventing a war as this is against the military’s policy. He is in Tibet to repent, the Norman explains. When the marshal eventually takes over the French military, he appoints the Norman as Quartermaster General.
The people gather in the town square as the marshal, the British and American generals, and the aides talk about two women who asked to meet the marshal. They talk about an incident involving spoons, food baskets, and miracles. Then, a British colonel, a French major, and an American captain are led into the room. Next, the 13 mutineers are led into the room. The marshal asks the American captain to identify the corporal as the leader of the men, after which the other 12 are escorted out. The colonel, major, and captain all claim to have met the corporal before, when he had a different name. They believe that they have watched him die. As the marshal steps out of the room, the French major explains how he first met the corporal, before the other two men claim to have seen him die.
The marshal meets with the three women, who include Marya and Marthe. They introduce the marshal to the third woman, the corporal’s wife. The women explain to the marshal that the corporal is actually his son. She remembers how the marshal met their mother at a time when she was “not only weak and vulnerable but beautiful too” (286). They had sex, and she died while giving birth to the child in a “dark stable.” Using the money given to their mother by the marshal, Marya and Marthe took their newborn half-brother and went to Beirut for 10 years. Marthe took care of her brother and sister, eventually moving them back to France by marrying a Frenchman. In France, she believed that she could finally forget and forgive the marshal. The corporal served in the army and became a French citizen. But now Marthe believes that she was wrong. She tried to find a wife for her half-brother but he refused two women, and joined the military again when war broke out in 1914. He could not escape his father, because his father was famous all over France as the leader of the military. Marthe recognized the marshal and knew him, certain that the father and son would eventually come “face to face” (299). The corporal eventually married a woman—who is a sex worker—who Marthe agrees is a “good girl” (300). Now, Marthe believes that the first time the marshal will see his son is during his son’s execution if the marshal is even there at all.
The marshal finishes dinner with generals from Britain, America, and Germany. The German general, who earlier shot the pilot, drinks with his enemies and explains his beliefs about “glory and war” (302). He blames civilians and politicians for the failures of the German army. The British are not a martial people, he explains, unlike the Germans. This is why Germans hate them because they have no interest in the glory of war. He is aware of the absurdity that he has been forced to come to the enemy and demand that they continue a war which might destroy his nation. He believes that the war cannot end with this mutiny as that would be a betrayal to the idea of the military, to war, and to his beliefs about glory. This brief outbreak of peace is just a recess, he says, “not an armistice” (307). They discuss an agreement about how to proceed.
The runner learns that the airplanes were firing blank rounds. He talks to Sutterfield about the arrival of the German general on the airbase and the need to “make it look all regular, all orthodox” (311) to anyone watching. The generals cannot afford to let the men know that war can be stopped if the soldiers simply refuse to fight. The runner has a plan: He believes that the soldiers should cross no-man’s land to the German trenches, leaving their weapons behind. He believes that the Germans will see this gesture of peace and the war will end. Sutterfield plans to go with him. They visit the sentry, who has been under arrest since he attacked the runner. They attack the guards and free the sentry from his incarceration. Escorting the reluctant sentry through the trenches, they speak to the rest of the troops. The runner tries to convince the other soldiers that the generals are conspiring to restart “this ghastly and incredible contretemps” (319). Despite the sentry’s panic and reluctance, the men begin to run into no-man’s land. From the other trenches, German soldiers begin to emerge, similarly empty handed. A barrage of artillery shells begins. The sentry is killed, and the runner is severely injured.
Later, as night falls, Levine walks around the airbase. He eats a meal and talks to people about the men who climbed out of their trench, met the unarmed enemy in no-man’s land, and were then decimated. He retrieves his flight overalls, which have now nearly been entirely burned up by the phosphorus tracer blanks used during the arrival of the German general. Taking a pistol, he enters alone into a toilet cubicle and turns off the gun’s safety.
The old marshal meets with his friend, the Quartermaster General, who asks the marshal to affirm that he met with a German general and that unarmed men from both sides were killed several hours before in no-man’s land. He speaks of the hierarchy of generals who have perpetuated the war by killing their own men rather than allow it to end with a mutiny. Once, the Quartermaster General believed that the marshal had the power to redeem and absolve humanity. Now, he has lost faith in his old friend and wishes to resign. The marshal explains that they learned about the corporal after one of the 13 mutinous regiment betrayed him. The traitor is named Polchek, and his betrayal allowed the high command to intervene “in time” (330) to avoid a complete end to the war. The Quartermaster accuses the marshal of being afraid, pointing out that he needed to ally with the Germans to triumph over his own men, people who simply did not want to fight any longer. The marshal plans to offer the corporal a reprieve and an escape from execution, by which he hopes to undermine the “gesture and martyrdom” (332) of the corporal’s death. Horrified, the Quartermaster leaves.
The 13 men of the mutinous regiment are given a final meal. The corporal sits at the head of the table and passes around the food. They debate whether they should say a prayer before eating until something quick is uttered in Latin. As they eat, someone notices that Polchek has lost his appetite. He tells the corporal that he has a “bad belly” and insistently raises a toast “to peace” (338). Then, the dinner is interrupted by the guards and Polchek is taken away. One of the men named Pierre Bouc is also taken away. According to the corporal, Bouc only joined their regiment in the previous days, and he is not known to anyone. Bouc agrees that he does not know the mutineers. He is taken away with Polchek.
Shortly after, the sergeant of the guards separates the corporal from the remaining 10 men. The corporal is taken to a car where the old marshal is waiting inside. They drive silently to a hill nearby, where an old Roman citadel is located. The marshal speaks to his son, the corporal, about the end of the war. He believes that the Germans will sue for peace within a year and that this peace will last “for a little while” (344). The Germans are the best soldiers in the world, he believes, as they fight for glory. This is why they will lose the war. He offers the corporal his car and papers which will allow him to travel anywhere in the world. He points out that Polchek betrayed the corporal and that the other man denied him. Polchek will be executed, and the other men allowed to go, the marshal says, provided that the corporal flees Europe. The corporal is reluctant, insisting that his 10 remaining followers will continue to spread his message, so the marshal offers him an alliance as father and son. He insists that the corporal is caught in a paradoxical situation he cannot win. The corporal again refuses. The marshal declares the corporal’s goal of seeking peace is futile, he explains, as humanity will continue to develop greater and more terrible means of waging war. Back at the building where the men are being held, the struggling and scared Pierre Bouc denies knowing the corporal once again. The corporal forgives Bouc and bids goodbye to his father.
The sergeant escorts the corporal to a cell which already holds two other condemned men. One of the men introduces himself as Lapin and introduces his fellow inmate with the nickname Horse. They were arrested for killing an old woman during a botched robbery. Lapin insists that they were simply trying to “get to Paris” (359); Paris is also the only word Horse will say. Lapin’s story is interrupted by the sergeant, who takes the corporal away again. This time, he is taken to the prison commandant to receive a final blessing before his execution the following day. The priest reiterates the marshal’s offer of an escape. Gragnon will also be executed if the corporal refuses, the priest says. The corporal resents this extortion attempt. The priest describes the execution of Jesus Christ by the Romans and the founding of the Catholic Church, as well as the spread of Christianity in the wake of Christ’s martyrdom. The priest falls to his knees and asks the corporal to save him as well. The corporal pulls him to his feet and tells him to leave. The priest wanders through the prison compound, feeling “disorientated” (369). He thinks about the corporal and asks a passing guard for use of a bayonet. Taking the sharp bayonet, he stabs himself in the abdomen in the same way that Christ was stabbed while on the cross. He cries as he feels himself die.
A small French car transports three unfamiliar American soldiers through the town. They arrive at the town hall, where one of the soldiers—a man named Buchwald—leads the others inside. The youngest of the men is the son of an Iowan farmer who promised his fiancé that he will mark everywhere he goes in France on a map. Buchwald questions whether he will want to remember this particular assignment, for which they have all volunteered. The third man, an African American named Philip Manigault Beauchamp, is an undertaker. A sergeant-major enters and hands the men a German pistol for their assignment. They are told to shoot Gragnon from the front with a German bullet, whereupon they will claim that he was killed in the planned attack on Monday. He will receive a medal and praise for his bravery; the temporary peace will be completely covered up. Gragnon, however, wants to be shot in the back so that “the whole world see that not the enemy but his own men did it” (377). The three men are led to Gragnon’s cell. Inside, the Iowan panics. Beauchamp and Buchwald wrestle with Gragnon and shoot him in the wrong place. Buchwald sends Beauchamp out for a candle to plug up the wound with wax so that they can shoot him again.
Chapters 7 and 8 explore the history and the relationship between the corporal and the marshal. Though many elements of the corporal’s life remain clouded in mystery, the Quartermaster General is able to provide a somewhat detailed history of the marshal. Importantly, he frames the marshal’s rise to prominence through the lens of privilege. When telling the marshal’s story, for example, he begins with the vast wealth from which the marshal emerged. He may have lost his parents, but the young marshal had relatives in high political office and others who were among the richest men in France. By combining these privileged biographical details with an intelligence and gentle charmed that affected everyone he met, the marshal seemed destined for fame and glory from a young age. Even when he entered the military academy, he was fated to lead the French army in the future. Despite this apparent uniqueness, the marshal is fated not because he is unique, but because he is so typical. He embodies the qualities the French army wants to see in itself, particularly in the officer class. He is as rich, privileged, intelligent, charming, and elite as the officers believe that they should be. This is why, when he does finally take over the military, he is as heterodoxic as every other officer, emphasizing the Class War that the novel highlights between commanding officers and enlisted men. He does not alter the military in any meaningful sense, even when fighting a war which is unlike any other in human history. Instead, he perpetuates the military’s institutional beliefs and expectations more than anyone else. The Quartermaster General’s story is remarkable in that it does not describe the marshal as unique, but as a perfect embodiment of the Myth and Glory that the military tells about itself.
Amid this background of wealth and privilege, however, the marshal is not immune to tragedy and immorality. After graduating from military school, he defines expectations by exiling himself to the fringes of the French colonial empire. There, he operates on his own. He gets in trouble for authorizing the handover of a criminal to local people, a crime which suggests that Frenchmen should be considered equal to the colonial subjects in the eyes of the law. This moment of equality is enough to momentarily disgrace the marshal and he must repent for his sins against the colonial empire in a Tibetan temple. Similarly, he fathers a son and abandons the child. This is less of a crime in the eyes of the military and, after it is suitably covered up, it is simply ignored. The nature of these two infringements suggests that the military cares far more about actions which undermine the colonial project than those which may be considered immoral. Equating a colonial subject to a Frenchman is, in the eyes of the military, a greater crime than abandoning a newborn son whose mother dies in childbirth. That the marshal never questions this judgement only reaffirms why he is the ideal man to lead the army, as he fully embodies its principles.
The marshal fears that his son, the corporal, could become a martyr and may inspire others to spread his message to other regiments with his death. He tries to offer his son the chance to escape, and tempts him with money and freedom, only to be refused. The corporal knows that his father can order his execution, but he can never truly defeat his ideas. The corporal is correct, in that the marshal does not truly understand what he is dealing with. He is trying to engage with the problem on an individual level, rather than a collective one. The corporal’s idea and his plan derive from the collective refusal of the men to partake in the war, so the death of one individual does not end this. The message is utterly selfless, understanding the sanctity of life beyond the existence of one person. The marshal fails and returns to his position of power. The priest makes a similar offer, but he comes to understand the corporal better. The priest kills himself because, after speaking to the corporal, he realizes that he has allied himself to the wrong cause. He cannot be a part of any institution which would execute the Christ-like corporal, again elevating the Myth and Glory the corporal’s character has gained throughout the narrative.
Plus, gain access to 8,800+ more expert-written Study Guides.
Including features:
By William Faulkner
Allegories of Modern Life
View Collection
American Literature
View Collection
Appearance Versus Reality
View Collection
Challenging Authority
View Collection
Class
View Collection
Class
View Collection
Colonialism & Postcolonialism
View Collection
Fate
View Collection
Fear
View Collection
Grief
View Collection
Hate & Anger
View Collection
Historical Fiction
View Collection
Memorial Day Reads
View Collection
Military Reads
View Collection
Mortality & Death
View Collection
Nation & Nationalism
View Collection
Nobel Laureates in Literature
View Collection
Order & Chaos
View Collection
Power
View Collection
Pulitzer Prize Fiction Awardees &...
View Collection
War
View Collection