38 pages • 1 hour read
The different chapters of A Grain of Wheat are introduced by Bible verses that have been underlined in Kihika’s Bible, each one mirroring or in some way addressing Kihika’s political beliefs. An example includes the verse from Exodus 8:1, which reads “And the Lord spoke unto Moses, Go unto Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the Lord, let my people go.” Kihika, a devout religious student before his incarnation as a devout revolutionary, has retained insights from the Bible and apparently used these insights to guide him in his political beliefs. Kihika is said to carry the Bible with him everywhere he goes, although he does not have it with him when he is eventually captured.
The Kikenie Woods are referenced often throughout the narrative of A Grain of Wheat. The woods are a popular gathering place for young people, who dance and play music and pair off into couples. It is in the woods that Gikonyo and Mumbi first share their love for each other. It is also the place Kihika runs off to when he joins up with the fighters, and the scene of his capture, following his betrayal by Mugo. Overall, the woods show the passion and secrecy of the younger generation, as much as the village marketplace represents the seat of commerce and activity for all generations of Thabai.
The grain of wheat is the seed of rebellion, first planted by Waiyaki, whose blood was spilled during an earlier conflict with the British. The seed sprouts with Kihika, who underlines the passage in his Bible from John 12:24: “Verily, verily I say unto you, except a corn of wheat fall into the ground an die, it abideth alone: but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit.” Although the present-day action happens in a time of peace for Kenya, the past actions presented in flashback refer to a time of rebellion and intense suffering for many of the Kenyans. Kihika himself is connected with the grain of wheat, and through his revolutionary activities and his ultimate sacrifice in killing Robson and dying for this action, he can be seen as a physical manifestation of this symbol in the story.
When the railway is first built and the track sneaks toward Thabai, the villagers refer to it as the iron snake and denounce the encroachment of a foreign civilization. Yet the weekly arrival of the train is a major event in the lives of the young people in Thabai, and the train station itself becomes the place where people meet and celebrate life. In contrast, two of the colonizers met their ends at the train station, although it is unknown if Henry Van Dyke took his own life by stepping in front of the train. At the end of the book, Karanja has the same choice, but ultimately chooses life. The train for him will represent a new beginning.
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By Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o