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88 pages 2 hours read

All We Have Left

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2016

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Themes

The Lasting Effects of 9/11

The attack of the World Trade Center by jet planes weaponized and used as bombs by terrorists created a shock and trauma that will endure indefinitely within the collective consciousness of America. The last attack on American soil by another power had occurred when Pearl Harbor was bombed at the start of World War II. Since that time, America had developed a sense of domestic invincibility in terms of potential damage by foreign powers. The towers of the World Trade Center were the world’s tallest buildings at the time of their completion in 1973; they came to symbolize American power, achievement and prosperity. Similarly, their destruction and the loss of over 3,000 civilian lives on that date, and those lost within ensuing decades due to exposure to toxins emitted during the blasts, served to create a sense of American insecurity and doubt. While the residents of New York City, the country and the world rallied to the support of those most severely impacted by this loss, the psychic wounds inflicted by the attack still exist on the part of survivors, their families, and the families of those lost in the attacks.

Jesse lives with the psychological repercussions of her father’s angry, embittered retreat to alcohol in order to numb himself to the loss of his son, Travis, in the tragedy. Convinced that Travis behaved as a coward when he ran from the scene of a vicious mugging to secure help for his grandfather, Jesse’s father forbids any mention of his son within the family home. He has removed himself from the emotional lives of his wife and daughter and has developed a phobic reaction to followers of Islam. His younger son, Hank, flees to charitable work in Africa in order to remove himself from a home devoid of affection and happiness. Even Jesse, essentially a noble character, succumbs to the cynical influence of Nick, who persuades her to join him on an anti-Islamic graffiti campaign in the community. While she is eventually saved from this influence by a physical fall sustained while spray painting the Islamic Peace Center, Jesse is descending into a dark and bitter worldview spawned by hatred spewed by hardened family members of those who attribute loss and injury to all Muslims, rather than to the actions of a misguided few.

The Pain of Adolescence

Many of the emotional difficulties experienced by Alia and Travis in 2001, and by Jesse in 2016, are related to their development as young adults rather than to the events of 9/11. For example, on the morning of the bombing, Alia is arguing with her parents, who have grounded her for her alleged involvement in a marijuana-related incident in the high school rest room. This punishment precludes her participation in an NYU after-school film program. She bitterly resents her parents for punishing her, and most particularly her mother. Alia overhears her mother talking on the phone to an aunt after they have argued that morning, and briefly considers apologizing to her mother. While she is still upset with her father, Ayah, for his decision, she appears to find him more amenable to her entreaties. She is in the World Trade Center at the time of the attacks because she decides to visit him at this workplace in an effort to change his mind about allowing her to attend the program.

Travis, conversely, has returned home without completing his freshman year at Columbia University. The specifics of his transgressions are never made entirely clear; however, Hank remembers that his father was extremely angry at Travis. It is implied that, upon his return home, he had made bad choices in terms of friends and activities. Travis is 19 and in all likelihood would have had the opportunity to re-establish himself, in the eyes of his family, had he not been killed in the terrorist attacks. Alia’s memories of the event infer that she and Travis had been attracted to one another, and might have become a couple, had they both survived.

Jesse, caught in a home with an angry father and a mother who flees the family at every opportunity, feels that she is an “accidental” birth and a non-entity in the family. It is her sense that neither of her parents really want to deal with the reality of her existence. Her father refers to her trio of best girlfriends—who readily accept her back after she abandons them for her relationship with Nick—as a group of “losers.” Lost in every aspect of her life, her greatest joy is in mountain climbing, a skill taught to her by her father. Climbing saves her at her lowest point and makes her feel closest to God. 

Family Disapproval of Romantic Relationships

The frequency with which this theme exists in literature mirrors its occurrence in everyday life. In 2001, Alia agrees to attend a movie with an American boy whom she meets in Brooklyn, and her devout Muslim parents refuse permission. Islamic tradition prohibits dating. Alia, in dramatic retaliation, runs away and stays with a girlfriend for two days, during which time her parents are terrified. During the time of her escape from the Trade Center under the protection of Travis, Alia fantasizes as to what the parental reaction would be if she were to bring Travis home to meet them.

Fifteen years later, Jesse and Adam experience much the same situation when they meet. After a more-than-rocky start, they fall in love. Jesse, a product of Anglo-American culture, is well acquainted with dating contemporary American teenage dating customs. Adam, whose is Muslim, is forbidden to date by the tenets of his faith. He struggles with this idea; he feels that his love for Jesse is so pure and strong that it cannot be seen as wrong. Nonetheless, he wishes that they had met when he had completed his college degree and was ready to marry. His tradition prohibits any interim relationship that might exist in the meantime. Even Adam’s younger sister, Sabeen, is aware of the growing attraction between the two and tacitly cautions Jesse as to Islamic custom in this regard.

Similarly, Jesse’s father, still enraged toward the entire Muslim community after the death of his son, Travis, spews venom when he realizes that Jesse is involved with Adam. It is only due to the influence of his now-estranged wife that he and Jesse start to talk again, and it is during this conversation that Jesse advises him that she is in love with Adam. Her father, still largely an uncommunicative man, indicates that he has always loved her and will continue to do so.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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