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59 pages 1 hour read

Hawaii

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1959

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Part 4, Pages 750-932Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 4: “From the Starving Village”

Part 4, Pages 750-839 Summary

Nyuk Tsin and Mun Ki hide out in the hills and are sheltered by their Hawaiian friends Kimo and Apikela. When the law finally catches up to them, they are transported to the leper colony on Molokai, where even the basic necessities of life aren’t provided by the government. “In truth, the lepers had been thrown ashore with nothing except the sentence of certain death, and what they did until they died, no man cared” (770).

The island of Molokai is ruled by a particularly unsavory character named Big Saul. He insists that the Chinese must live separately from the rest of the lepers. Women who still don’t show advanced stages of the disease are repeatedly raped by Big Saul and his cronies, all of whom are disfigured in the advanced stages of leprosy. Nyuk Tsin is temporarily safe because she is once again pregnant. After her fifth son is born, she swims out to one of the infrequent supply boats and insists that the sailors must take the child back to Honolulu.

Shortly after this, the men on the island begin to show a sexual interest in Nyuk Tsin, but she and Mun Ki are prepared for such a threat. One night, Big Saul and two other men come to rape Nyuk Tsin, but they are attacked with sharpened stakes by the Chinese. Big Saul is mortally wounded and another man is blinded in one eye. After Big Saul dies, the rest of the colony approves of his demise and welcomes the Chinese into their midst. A few brave people insist on creating law and order for the island’s inhabitants. They begin to establish rules and some rudimentary community services.

Over time, Nyuk Tsin is able to scavenge enough materials to build a real house. By this time, her husband is near death. He makes her promise to educate the boys and send money back to his official wife in China. After Mun Ki’s death, Nyuk Tsin remains to nurse many of the afflicted. Six years later, her service is rewarded, and she is allowed to return to the island. She immediately reunites with her Hawaiian friends and the four boys, who scarcely remember her now, but she has trouble finding any trace of her fifth son. Undaunted, she begins to cultivate the land that was given to her by Dr. Whipple, now deceased.

By now, Whip Hoxworth has returned from seven years at sea. Whip’s family isn’t happy to see him. His womanizing has created a scandal, and his wild behavior is an embarrassment to the family business. Instead, he is given 4,000 acres to do with as he pleases. The land has no water source, and Whip is perplexed until he meets up with an artesian well expert named Overpeck, who strikes water on Whip’s property. The land will now be worth millions as a pineapple plantation.

Around the same time, Nyuk Tsin and her Hawaiian friends decide to build a house on the edge of her property. She has found her missing son; he was adopted by the governor of Honolulu. Even though Nyuk Tsin insists that the boy belongs to her, the Hawaiians persuade her to leave him where he is after the governor grants a few concessions. The boy will be told about his real family and will be expected to participate in the semi-annual ritual of sending money to his official mother in China. The governor will also give Nyuk Tsin a rich plot of farmland. Her only other ambition is to get her boys educated. Her other four sons are in school, and Nyuk Tsin intends to send the smartest one to a first-class college on the mainland.

Part 4, Pages 840-932 Summary

As the years progress, Nyuk Tsin’s family prospers. Her sons, all named after continents, own businesses in Chinatown, get married, and have children. She negotiates a particularly advantageous marriage for her son, Africa. He is the only one who will be sent to Michigan for a university education as a lawyer.

Meanwhile, Whip Hoxworth is intent on schemes of his own. The sugar interests in the United States are trying to create an embargo on Hawaiian sugar. Whip calls a meeting of the other leading families and declares that they must start a revolution against the current Hawaiian government, which is led by the monarch, Queen Liliuokalani. With the assistance of the American government minister stationed in Honolulu, Whip intends to stage a coup that will be backed by American Marines in the harbor. He tries persuading Micah Hale to act as the face of the revolution. Micah, now in his 70s, refuses to help greedy sugar planters take the country.

The coup fails, and America refuses to annex Hawaii. However, the planters fear being claimed by Japan and believe that eventually the United States will be persuaded to seize the island nation. That likelihood is increased when the queen tells the United States that she plans to behead all the Americans who participated in the rebellion. Shocked at this possibility, America doesn’t back the restoration of the queen, and a provisional government is set up instead, headed by Micah Hale. In July 1898, the United States finally agrees to annex Hawaii.

In 1899, another disaster befalls Honolulu. A Chinese passenger on an inbound ship is infected with bubonic plague. The health authorities immediately order the burning of many buildings in Chinatown, where cases of the disease have begun to spread. Detention camps are set up outside town to hold Chinese residents. The controlled burnings in town run out of control when kerosene and fireworks explode, creating an inferno in the Chinese district. In the aftermath, it appears that the Kee family has lost everything they worked so hard to build. Nyuk Tsin, however, sees a silver lining in this cloud. She knows that the government will compensate all the people who lost property because of the fires. She instructs her sons to start buying up property in the burned section of town as quickly as possible. She knows the land will go cheap and tells her sons, “If we succeed, people will hate us for owning so much land and they will say we stole it from people after the fire. Ignore them. A city belongs to those who are willing to fight for it” (932).

Part 4, Pages 750-932 Analysis

This segment again focuses on the theme of Adapting to Survive, as even greater challenges face two of the central characters—Nyuk Tsin and Whip Hoxworth. Nyuk Tsin and Mun Ki face dire circumstances after they are banished to Molokai. Neither one expects to leave the island alive, yet Nyuk Tsin finds ways to adjust to the horror. When she mortally stabs the thug who rules the island in self-defense, life on Molokai is improved for everyone. She scavenges materials to build a real house, helps the suffering community, and even contrives to get her newborn son to safety on a supply boat. Her contributions are finally acknowledged after Mun Ki’s death when she is allowed to return to Oahu.

Nyuk Tsin’s tribulations don’t end there, though again she lucks out. Her missing fifth son has been adopted by the governor, meaning Nyuk Tsin’s attempt to save her son from the leper colony has rewarded her heavily: she receives four acres of prime farmland on which to grow pineapples. She turns bad luck into good luck again by buying real estate after Chinatown is burned during the bubonic plague epidemic. Through all these challenges, she shows a tenacious ability to adapt in the face of disaster. She always makes circumstances work to her benefit.

The same trait is shared by Whip Hoxworth. When he returns from seven years at sea, he is a brash womanizer who irritates everyone else in the family business. As a result, he is given 4,000 acres and told to go away. Because Whip’s land has no water, it is virtually useless until he enlists the aid of an artesian well expert. Through persistence and ingenuity, he brings water to the desert and is able to start a viable sugar plantation.

Once the sugar business is thriving, Whip’s livelihood is threatened by mainland sugar planters, but once again he adapts to ensure his own survival and the survival of the other planters in Hawaii. He leads an abortive coup, hoping to force America to annex Hawaii. Even though the revolution fails, Whip’s plans are helped in a way by Queen Liliuokalani’s aversion to adapting. As Michener tells it, Queen Liliuokalani is a monarch who is Resisting Change, namely the democratization of her monarchy, and wants to restore absolute power to the throne. He writes that she intends to punish the insurrectionists by beheading them (though in history, this detail is heavily disputed). The United States instead takes over the island kingdom. Whip’s gamble eventually pays off when the islands are annexed in 1898, largely because the queen’s resistance to change.

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