58 pages • 1 hour read
Peter updates Sylvia about Naomi’s living situation, is relieved to feel that things between him and Sylvia have returned to normal, and asks to meet up soon.
Peter thinks about how his father’s immigrant background influenced his upbringing. Many of Peter’s friends had rich parents, which put him at a remove as he felt culturally literate. Peter doesn’t aspire to be rich, but to be validated.
Peter goes home and listens to Naomi. Naomi once stayed with another man before, but their relationship was abusive, prompting her to escape. Peter worries that Naomi might describe him the same way one day. Peter tells her about his dinner with Ivan. Naomi laughs at the shock that Peter feels about Ivan and Margaret’s age gap.
On his way to lunch with Sylvia, Peter contemplates his differences with Ivan and imagines how Ivan’s girlfriend might have seduced him. Sylvia suggests that Ivan is mature enough to make his own decisions and that Peter refuses to accept Ivan’s interpersonal skills. She encourages Peter to reconcile with Ivan and criticizes Peter for his hypocrisy, pointing out the age gap between him and Naomi.
On his way home, Peter texts Ivan to apologize. For several weeks, Ivan fails to see the text. Peter deduces that Ivan has blocked his number. Peter tries to distract himself with work and Sylvia, but he is constantly reminded of the rift between him and Ivan. At home, he cleans up after Naomi, who has settled into domestic comfort. One night, after Peter gets home from seeing a film with Sylvia, Naomi asks whom Peter considers his main relationship partner and whom he considers his mistress. Peter deflects the question, condescending to Naomi instead.
Naomi texts Peter a picture of herself in a minidress while he is at work. He refuses to acknowledge it. When Naomi suggests finding someone who will give her attention, Peter reminds her that it would mean finding a new place to live.
One day, after work, Peter finds Naomi in the bathtub. She invites him to join her. During a seductive exchange, Peter asks her if she enjoys having sex with him. She answers that he doesn’t recognize how much she enjoys it because he has been desensitized by regular sexual activity. They talk about the sexual dynamics of their respective generations.
Later, she reiterates her gratitude for letting her stay at his apartment. Peter stresses that he wants her to be happy, not grateful, which moves Naomi. She accuses him of maintaining an emotional distance from her while investing all his feelings in Sylvia. He deflects and gets her to admit it will make her happy to have sex.
Christine calls Peter to congratulate him on a recent court victory: He prevented female corporate workers from complying with a sexist uniform policy. She asks him about Sylvia, and then shifts the topic to plans. She invites him to join his stepfather’s family in Scotland Christmas, or offers to stay behind in Ireland to celebrate with him and Ivan. The last time Christine and Ivan spoke, Ivan claimed that he was going to play a competition game in Cork, but there was no such tournament. Peter claims ignorance. The conversation devolves into an argument over the way Christine’s mothering. Peter tells her that he and Ivan aren’t speaking.
Peter dreads the possibility of spending time with his stepfather’s family. He recalls the alienation he and Ivan felt growing up alongside his stepsiblings, which he escaped when he went to college and met Sylvia. He tries to call Ivan to prove that he has always supported him ever since they were children.
Ivan asks about Margaret’s sexual habits and reluctantly shares his own. He no longer watches as much pornography now that he is with Margaret. Ivan admires beauty in inanimate objects, like chess pieces. As he learns more about her youth, she recognizes how interesting her life has actually been.
Ivan continues to assert the validity of their relationship despite the age gap. Margaret admits that she fears being judged by others, and is anxious that someone might get hurt, which Ivan doesn’t think is a worthwhile way to live. He tries to console her by suggesting that he will likely be the one who gets hurt, but Margaret indicates that this only makes her feel worse. Ivan shares his experience of his father’s illness. Margaret shares details about her family, but finds that Ivan misunderstands their moral values.
Margaret visits her mother, Bridget, who favors Margaret least among her children. Whenever Bridget shares pictures of Margaret’s siblings, Margaret feels as though she has condemned herself by choosing to stay in Leitrim.
While having sex, Ivan and Margaret admit their love for each other. Margaret fears that one day Ivan will meet someone else closer to his age and stop visiting her.
Margaret is reading the newspaper when she notices the name “Peter Koubek” in an article about a recent trial. Ivan’s response is unenthusiastic, clarifying that he and Peter aren’t very close, which clashes with the initial impression he had given Margaret about their brotherly dynamic. Ivan indicates that Peter used to bully him for being socially awkward. Now, Ivan resents Peter for giving the eulogy at their father’s funeral when Ivan was closer to their father. Ivan connects the bullying he experienced to his present self-conscious behavior. When Peter was still together with Sylvia, Peter felt incentivized to treat Ivan well; also, their father had attempted to strengthen their relationship. Now that he is gone, Ivan does not see the point in maintaining a connection with Peter.
Margaret suggests that Peter may still love Ivan, despite his lack of respect for him. This angers Ivan, who feels that Margaret is taking Peter’s side. Still, their rift makes Ivan feel bad because it goes against what their father wanted. Margaret apologizes, but suspects that Ivan has deliberately left out information about their rift.
Ivan feels the joy of learning that Margaret loves him, but can’t help feeling pain knowing that his life must continue without his father. The feeling is complicated by Margaret’s apparent defense of Peter. He knows he cannot accurately represent Peter’s qualms about their relationship.
Sylvia consults Ivan about the green hat philosophy problem: If a liar calls his hats green, which part of the statement is the lie? Ivan explains that the solution has to do with seeing the statement as a conditional. The liar is lying about the color of his hats, not about whether or not he has any hats. If the liar had no hats at all, he could make any claim about the supposed hats he owns because it is a vacuous truth. Sylvia poses an analogous example by claiming to have sisters in a certain place. The truth value of the statement changes depending on how many sisters she says she has. If Sylvia only claims to have one sister, but does not have any, then she is already lying. Unlike multiple sisters or hats that can only be defined through conditional statements, a singular sister or hat would have to be defined by definite description. Ivan concedes that differentiating between universals and particulars raises its own logic problem.
Later, Peter considers the philosophy problem as an example of the limitations of language, similar to his inability to argue for the validity of his relationship with Margaret. He tells Sylvia that he is seeing someone, but withholds the details that upset Peter when he mentioned them.
Ivan improves his chess technique and feels enthusiastic about his ability. He wants to distinguish his mind from the rest of his body, but cannot discount the brain as being part of the complex system that is his body. The intelligence that allows him to play well is the same one that allows him to build and sustain his relationship with Margaret.
Ivan visits Christine’s house when she threatens to give his dog Alexei away. Ivan is met by his stepbrother, Darren, who brings Ivan to the utility room in the back, where Alexei is being kept. Alexei is excited to see Ivan. Ivan, on the other hand, is dejected at the discovery of Alexei’s poor living conditions. Ivan is especially resentful of Darren for failing to look after Alexei’s basic needs because Darren hardly does anything at work and thus makes no contribution to society.
Christine arrives. Ivan complains about Alexei’s living conditions, but Christine and Darren fail to take responsibility. Ivan gives a noncommittal answer about his Christmas plans. Christine implies that she knows about the rift between him and Peter and tries to seek the reasons for their falling out. When Christine suggests that Ivan take Alexei with him, Ivan feels a surge of the same euphoric love he feels for Margaret. He agrees, and brings the excitable Alexei to the train station. Pets are not allowed in Ivan’s apartment, so he considers bringing Alexei with him on his next visit to Leitrim.
Chapter 9 sees Peter reevaluating his moral compass and understanding his role in widening the gap between himself and his brother, particularly once Sylvia calls him out on his hypocrisy—his own age gap with Naomi is just as pronounced as Ivan’s with Margaret. Sylvia thus becomes the novel’s moral compass—the person whose respect Peter craves. Sylvia’s more philosophical objection to Peter’s disapproval of Ivan’s relationship is echoed by Naomi’s more instinctual response: She laugh about Ivan’s sexual exploits, seeing in them her own history of relationships with power differential.
Rooney is not necessarily arguing for the validity of age-gap relationships in this novel. Rather, she is using their ethical dynamics to tease out Peter’s capacity for compassion and nuance in an exploration of Sibling Dynamics and Romantic Relationships. Peter wants to protect his brother from an exploitative romance, but this protectiveness undermines Ivan, as Sylvia points out. Ivan is an adult with the agency to reckon with the power dynamics of his relationship with Margaret on his own: Ivan’s decision to stay with Margaret is an informed one.
Peter’s protectiveness is partly a form of projection. He knows that he similarly exploits Naomi, but pursues the relationship because of the control and gratification it affords him. This casts his assurance that he wants Naomi to be happy under a skeptical light. In turn, Naomi insists on determining whether Peter’s feelings are invested in her or in Sylvia because she is aware that their relationship is in many ways transactional: She is leveraging her need to survive with her desire to be loved by Peter. The incongruence of statement and intention points to The Limits of Language.
This theme is also reflected in Ivan’s inability to convey the complexities of the fraternal relationship to Margaret. Ivan wants to share his longstanding resentment of his brother, which dates all the way back to their childhood, but struggles to match language and reality in a way that will portray Peter’s objections and opinions in a complete light. The green hat problem Ivan addresses with Sylvia resonates with this issue by reminding Ivan that reality and truth do not always have a one-to-one correspondence. Life might fail to make sense even when it corresponds to the rules of formal logic. Ivan has to learn to apply this relationship with Peter, just as Peter must do the same for him. In Ivan’s case, he must learn to see beyond the contradiction that Peter can love him, even if he doesn’t respect him.
Ivan’s experience of profound love results in the euphoric feeling he gets when he is with Margaret and Alexei. Even Margaret trying to defend Peter’s treatment of him doesn’t invalidate Ivan’s happiness. Rather, it makes him capable of understanding its boundaries. He compares this to the limitations of his relationship with his father; in death, the father can no longer love Ivan or share in Ivan’s new experiences. Ivan’s continued attempts to grapple with his father’s death speak to The Frailty of the Material World.
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By Sally Rooney