28 pages • 56 minutes read
Juxtaposition occurs throughout the story in key places. When Mae describes Johnson as a “huckleberry” enmeshed in the white winding sheet, Petry’s imagery contributes to a very stark contrast. The very dark image of the huckleberry contrasts with the white, pale sheet, creating a notable dissonance between the two shades and representing the broader dissonance that Johnson feels as a Black man in a white-dominated society. Juxtaposition of colors also occurs when Mrs. Scott and the girl serving coffee are described with a keen focus on their bright red lips. The contrast between their skin and their vibrant, painted-on lipstick augments the terror of the violent imagery that arises when Johnson wants to “smear” their red lipstick across their faces.
The story’s point-of-view is significant, as Johnson is a very dynamic and complicated character. Johnson shifts from the protagonist who refuses to hit women to an antagonist who beats his wife. This dramatic shift and concluding display of violence is especially intense because of the narrative closeness to Johnson’s perspective. We see the story and unfolding events mainly from Johnson’s point-of-view, although the narrative is in the third person. The closeness to Johnson’s point-of-view elicits a complex humanization of the character. In exposing the structural racism and exploitation of Johnson’s daily life, Petry creates a sense of sympathy for the main character. This sympathy, however, is complicated when Johnson gives in to his violent urges. The focus on Johnson’s point-of-view also highlights the gender dynamics of the story further. Although the story is fueled by Johnson’s interactions with women, we never understand the events from a woman’s perspective. This rootedness in Johnson’s psyche is another representation of the unequal gender imbalance that pervades the story and results in the ultimate violent act. Lack of perspectives from the female characters, in a sense, acts as a silencing of their thoughts and experiences, and again foregrounds only Johnson’s interpretation of events through his mind’s eye.
Petry deploys sentence structure to reflect Johnson’s turbulent emotional state. Whenever Johnson feels underlying anger, the sentence structure becomes long-winded and verbose, with sentences that contain multiple clauses and commas. An example of this sentence structure occurs in the story’s last paragraph, when Johnson seems to lose all control over his faculties: “And he groped for a phrase, a word, something to describe what this thing was like that was happening to him and he thought it was like being enmeshed in a winding sheet—that was it—like a winding sheet” (Paragraph 85). This sentence deploys punctuation and repetition (as in the repetition of the phrase “winding sheet”) to elongate its structure and lend it a windy, wordy essence. This literary strategy creates an out-of-control, unpredictable tone, because the sentence itself follows a quick, discursive, and unpredictable pace. Petry’s use of varying sentence structures, especially when she uses long, multi-line sentences like this one, reflects the turbulent nature of Johnson’s emotions, as the verbosity of certain phrases echoes his quick and turbulent temper.
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By Ann Petry