58 pages • 1 hour read
Jo, one of the story’s protagonists, takes on the role of protective older sister. A feminist and a lesbian, she spends her life finding the strength to value her truth. In the beginning, she’s fearless, an athletic tomboy who is sure of her sexuality and fights passionately for equal rights for everyone, including women, gay people, and all races, particularly Black people, who experience segregation during her childhood. Because the women she has relationships with early in her life cannot live openly, she cannot be fully be herself, and she experiences heartbreak. She rejects traditional femininity, and, as Bethie points out, she never cares about what others think, wearing her hair short, playing sports, and dressing as she wants. She and her mother have a troubled relationship because Sarah cannot accept Jo’s “unnatural” behaviors. Jo is much closer to her father, Ken, who accepts and supports her as she is. Jo also shows courage when she doesn’t deny the truth of who she is. While she never directly tells Sarah that she’s a lesbian, she never denies it and hopes Sarah can accept her, as her father did. Jo struggles with acceptance and following her unconventional dreams of being a writer and reuniting with Shelley.
Jo’s main struggle revolves around her sexuality and honoring who she is. With Shelley, Jo believes she has found a woman she can be with forever, despite ridicule or isolation from others who may judge them for being gay. Jo loses herself, her courage, and her determination when Shelley rejects her and chooses a heterosexual marriage. Because Jo is dejected and exhausted trying to convince other women to choose her, she gives up on her true self and marries Dave. With her marriage, Jo’s life is transformed. She settles for a life that is conventional with a man she cannot truly love. She also becomes a loving mother who finds fulfillment with her children. Without this shift in her choices, Jo wouldn't have given birth to her three daughters. Through her struggles with Dave, Bethie, Nonie, and her daughters, she finally chooses authenticity. She stops suppressing her desires and dares to find Shelley years after they first had a relationship. Despite the long wait to find fulfillment, Jo doesn’t look back on her life with regret. She realizes she learned through her mistakes, that navigating her roles as a spouse, mother, sister, lover, and activist made her a better, wiser woman who can impart her knowledge of fighting for equal rights, sisterhood, motherhood, and never giving up on oneself.
Bethie, the second protagonist, contrasts with Jo for the majority of the novel. She is a foil for Jo—as she’s a traditionalist when Jo wants to follow her lesbian longings, and then a nonconformist when Jo is married with kids. As children, Bethie and Jo are opposites, with Bethie representing the feminine ideal of a cheerfully domestic, proper young lady who prioritizes cooking, cleaning, dressing up, shopping, and falling in love with boys. She’s a traditionalist, like Sarah, who pictures a conventional life (unlike Jo) tending her marriage, babies, and house. When Bethie is sexually assaulted by Uncle Mel, her resulting eating disorder turns her from a stunning young girl into someone judged for her weight gain. No longer desirable by society’s standards, she becomes depressed and turns to food as a coping mechanism. Because she wants to be desired again (and audition for an upcoming play), Bethie hypercorrects her overeating by starving herself until she’s “beautiful” and “thin” again, as a woman should be. Bethie later sees her beauty not as a power but a liability; while it had made her popular and confident, she believes her appearance also made her a target of Uncle Mel and, later, the men at the music festival who rape her: “Once, she’d thought beauty was power, but now she could see that it was just trouble. A pretty face, a cute figure, a smile, all of those were weak spots. They were ways in, and Bethie wanted to be armored, defended, unbreakable” (220). With Jo’s help, she transforms from someone who longs to be the perfect woman to a self-sufficient, independent woman who runs a successful business. She worries less about what other people think and prioritizes herself and her dreams, including her marriage to Harold, a Black man. Bethie, once eager to be accepted and admired, finds value within herself and follows the path that makes her feel strong and fulfilled.
Bethie, like Jo, doesn’t follow a traditional path; like her sister, she must work for years to find her true self as the empowered, whole woman she was meant to be after facing hardships that alter her dramatically. Bethie’s mild-mannered, accommodating, and creative personality makes her a likable lady who has, in Jo’s viewpoint, “a genius for conformity, for making herself the best, most stylish example of whatever version of femininity was currently in fashion” (195). As a singer and performer in school plays, Bethie has a talent for adapting to the “ideal” woman throughout the early decades of her life, as she turns from a prim schoolgirl into a hippie in college. Bethie changes her hair and clothes, hardworking attitude, and values about sex and drugs to give in to the pleasures of the time, naively falling in love with emotionally unavailable Devon, who introduces her to drugs. Though she feels guilty for relying on Jo, Bethie knows her sister will help her when she faces an unwanted pregnancy and has nowhere to turn. She overcomes her addiction to drugs through the sisterhood of the women on the commune and finds meaning in her work there. The theme of sisterhood is shown deeply in Bethie's empathetic character as well, since after she finds herself and runs Blue Hill Farm, she offers Jo money, insists she isn’t being true to herself or brave like she was before, and tends to Lila and Lila’s baby, Tim.
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