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While Wordsworth presents nature as a powerful force, a quasi-divine entity—occasionally personified as a unified agent: “Nature” (Line 131)—many details in the poem particularize that abstraction and describe specific natural manifestations. The very first line mentions the “meadow, grove, and stream” (Line 1), followed by “[w]aters” (Line 14), and “[w]inds” (Line 28). Living creatures are also included, from the rose (Line 11) to birds and lambs (Lines 19-20) to the shepherd boy (Line 35). This range is important because Wordsworth wants to emphasize nature’s all-encompassing persona. There is a continuum between all these natural entities, from the moon to the child. That sense of universal connection is one reason why the world feels so imbued with heavenly glory.
Another reason is its spectacular diversity and vibrancy, which is reflected in the poem’s vivid sensory details. In addition to sights, sounds permeate the poem: birds, drums, shouts, winds, waterfalls, and more. Children gather “[f]resh flowers; while the sun shines warm” (Line 48). The scent of the flowers and the tactile sensation of the sun’s warmth contribute to the multisensory effect. This profusion of details is a reminder that, for Wordsworth, one reaches the spiritual quality of nature less through abstract thought than by being sensitive to the beauty and wonder of individual natural forms.
The rainbow is singled out in “My Heart Leaps Up,” Wordsworth’s poem that anticipates the main theme of his “Ode” (its last three lines are also the epigraph to Wordsworth’s “Ode”). The former poem begins with these lines: “My heart leaps up when I behold / A rainbow in the sky.” This observation inspires the speaker to contemplate the importance of “natural piety,” the unique quality children instinctively display while adults must endeavor to preserve. In the Bible, the rainbow is the sign of God’s promise to Noah that He would never again attempt to destroy life on earth with a flood (Genesis 9: 13-17). The rainbow, thus, symbolizes the sanctity of life; it is a reminder of life’s beauty and value. In “Ode,” the only reference to the rainbow is the line “The Rainbow comes and goes” (Line 10) in a passage where the speaker mourns the loss of original natural piety. The rainbow “comes and goes” because it is only an occasional natural phenomenon, but also because the speaker is only occasionally able to glimpse what as a child he distinctly saw: that nature is holy and life is precious, the sentiments at the core of God’s covenant with Noah.
As he describes the child’s learning about life through play in the seventh stanza, the speaker calls the child an actor who fills a “humorous stage” (Line 103) with different personalities. The phrase is in quotation marks in Wordsworth’s poem, and Wordsworth apparently borrowed it from the 1599 poem Musophilus (lover of the muses) by English poet and playwright Samuel Daniel. In that poem, the phrase appears in the context of the poet’s insistence that his own muse (his art) will stay true to itself rather than dress in other people’s passions. He defends the authenticity of his muse as he brings it upon the “humorous stage” of public opinion, where it could be misunderstood and degraded. In the 16th century, the word “humors” stood for different temperaments (melancholic, choleric, and so on), often embodied in specific comedic characters, while “humorous” meant capricious or temperamental. Thus, the “humorous stage” connotes varied established social personas one may be tempted or pressured to assume at the cost of losing one’s authentic character. This meaning fits the context of Wordsworth’s poem because in the process of learning what roles he must play on the “humorous stage” of adulthood, the child risks losing the essence of who they are as a child: the joy and wonder that make heavenly everything around them.
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By William Wordsworth