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42 pages 1 hour read

The Pillars of the Earth

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1989

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Chapters 5-7Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 5

The year is 1136. Tom begins drawing up plans for the cathedral. Philip is impressed by Tom’s command of both the architectural details and the expenses involved, and he asks Tom an existential question: why should he choose Tom to build this cathedral? “Because it will be beautiful,” Tom replies (298). The answer satisfies Philip, and Tom is promised the position of master builder on the condition that Philip can collect the necessary funds to pay for the work. Tom hopes that the work will secure Agnes’s place in heaven, as she’d been buried in an unmarked grave.

Philip travels to Earlscastle at Walerian’s summons. There, he discovers Aliena, her brother Richard, and her steward Matthew hiding out among the shabby ruins, quixotically awaiting Earl Bartholomew’s return. None of them are aware that William Hamleigh is spying on them from nearby. Philip promises them he will not disclose their presence in Earlscastle. 

Walerian suggests that Kingsbridge might confiscate the earl’s old lands, providing all the wealth necessary to fund the rebuilding of the priory, and they travel to Winchester to muster support from Bishop Henry, King Stephen’s brother. Philip is awed by the size and splendor of Winchester Cathedral. With Walerian and Henry he meets King Stephen, and soon realizes that politicking is afoot; the Hamleighs and Walerian are contesting the right to Earlscastle. Philip soon realizes he is Walerian’s pawn, meant to elicit sympathy from the king in order to enrich himself. Philip makes a secondary deal with the Hamleighs to split the property in such a way as to get all the pasture, quarry, and forest land he needs to build his church, and Percy presents it to the king. Stephen announces the deal the next morning, to Walerian’s shock. Philip earns the ire of Walerian, who hisses, “I swear by all that is holy, you’ll never build your church” (331).

William soon heads to Earlscastle with a henchman. Reveling in his new power, he murders the steward Matthew, beats Richard, and rapes Aliena. In Kingsbridge, Tom and Philip break new ground.

Chapter 6

Aliena and Richard escape from William and his henchman, grab a few weapons and provisions, steal the Hamleigh’s warhorses, and ride towards Winchester. On the way, they are robbed of their horses. Near Winchester, a man tries to rob them of their weapons, and they kill him, which is a new experience for the noble-born children. They stay at the monastery for the next two nights. They learn that the king is not there to be petitioned, and that their father is being held in a nearby jail. They search for jobs to pay the jailor a bribe to see their father, but their noble breeding makes them unsuited for most work. A wool merchant named Meg takes pity on them, feeds them, and pays their bribe. Bartholemew is dying in his prison cell; he informs them that he left some money with a priest, and that the children should travel to Huntleigh, to stay with their Aunt Edith. He makes them swear an oath that “you will not rest until you are earl of Shiring and lord of all the lands I ruled” (381).

The corrupt priest parts with the former earl’s money only under threat of violence, a last resort of which Aliena finds herself increasingly adept. Only a small portion of it remains. Traveling by foot to Huntleigh, they discover that Aunt Edith has died, and that their uncle, a knight named Simon, has been impoverished by the tumbling fortunes of the family. He turns them away. 

Aliena comes up with a new plan to gather wool along the road back to Winchester and sell it to Meg at a profit. When she returns, however, Meg is gone, and the merchants who remain in town will not give her a fair price. At this point, Philip steps in and offers her not only a fair price, but the promise of continued enterprise in Kingsbridge.

Chapter 7

A year passes. Tom begins a survey of the Shiring quarry to find Hamleigh’s men already working there under armed protection. Tom and his men are unarmed, and though they have a legal right to the quarry, they are turned away. 

Later, Phillip returns to the quarry with more than 40 monks. They frighten off the armed guards. Philip then works out a deal with the Hamleigh’s quarrymen to hire them all under his own employ. This decision complicates his planning, as he will have an excess of quarrymen but will not be able to hire masons to assemble the collected quarry. He also has a group of undisciplined and resentful workers led by a quarryman named Harold, as well as Tom’s quarryman Otto.

Walerian schemes with the Hamleighs to undermine Philip and proposes a political campaign to move Philip’s priory to Shiring. Such a move would secure Walerian’s power and bring wealth to the Hamleigh’s stolen earldom. Once again, this scheme comes down to winning the favor of Bishop Henry, who is looking forward to a promotion to the recently leaderless Canterbury cathedral. Walerian plans to give Henry a tour of Philip’s poor and ramshackle priory in order to undermine the less-powerful prior’s authority.

Philip is prewarned about Walerian’s plans and hatches his own to make the priory look more industrious than it is by absolving the sins of his congregation for a half day’s labor. His plan succeeds, and hundreds of laborers show up on the day of Henry’s tour. Henry is impressed by Philip’s ingenuity and by Tom’s knowledge of building, and Walerian’s plan is foiled.

Among the volunteers is Aliena and her brother. Their wool-gathering business has been successful due to Philip’s generosity, and she feels duty-bound to pitch in. William Hamleigh spitefully surveys Kingsbridge, comparing it to Shiring’s own lackluster economic standing. Ellen returns from exile and commits to marrying Tom, who promises to take her son Jack as an apprentice. Jack is enthusiastic about seeing Aliena again, and though she wants nothing to do with him, he decides he is in love.

Chapters 5-7 Analysis

For the first time in the story, we get Aliena’s perspective. Her inclination is toward noble privilege to the degree that she remains in Earlscastle after it has been sacked, living out a parody of her noble lifestyle with her equally clueless brother and a royal servant. This leaves her open to William’s savage violation, which is used by Follett as a problematic “wake up call” to Aliena (the idea that rape and murder engender wisdom and perseverance is a trope more often repeated by perpetrators and fiction writers than by actual victims). While on the road to Winchester, Aliena very quickly learns how easy it is to be taken advantage of, as well as the necessity of self-defense.

Unlike Tom and Philip, Aliena does not come about her business acumen naturally, but as a reaction to material conditions around her. She proves to be unsuited for passive service, and only through trial, error, and luck does she stumble upon the idea of starting a wool business. In the end, her journey leads her in the same direction as Tom and Philip. Only character-building enterprise will pull her out of the mire of medieval thinking. By contrast, this is a lesson Richard never learns. His conception of knighthood, unearned privilege, and warrior’s valor means that he essentially remains a passive character, unaware of the forces compelling him forward.

In terms of the general landscape of the novel in this section, the characters play out on a small scale the same political chaos exemplified on the royal stage by the civil war. The questionable state of authority and power showers from King Stephen through each echelon of Medieval society all the way to the priory, where people use every tool at their disposal to claim their dominion. These states of chaos provide ripe circumstances to remake the face of society, as happens when the political structure shifts back to one of order under Henry II’s coronation. 

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