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40 pages 1 hour read

So Much Water So Close to Home

Fiction | Short Story | Adult | Published in 1981

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Literary Devices

Tone

The tone of the story—the narrative’s attitude toward its subject matter—is emotionless, in keeping with the style of Dirty Realism. The story uses very few adjectives and contains virtually no descriptive imagery. Despite the seriousness of the subject matter, characters are blasé in their dealings with one another. The men not do respond to the dead body with panic, fear, or rage, and even Claire exerts a fair amount of restraint when speaking with Stuart about the incident. There is a coldness in the writing that conveys the apathy the men feel toward the dead woman; when Claire says, “[Stuart] got some nylon cord and tied it to her wrist and then looped the rest around a tree. The next morning, they cooked breakfast, drank coffee, drank whisky, and then split up to fish” (81), the abrupt shift from securing the body to engaging in everyday routine suggests the men’s indifference. This apathy carries over to the marriage of Claire and Stuart, making the lack of love between them palpable. This flatness arguably heightens the story’s impact more than emotionally charged language, which would risk coming across as melodramatic.

Point of View

Claire narrates the story in the first person, making readers privy to her inner fears in a way that Stuart is not—e.g., the alarm she experiences when followed by the man in the pickup truck. The impact of the murdered woman on Claire is obvious, despite the narration offering little inner monologue; the very fact that she does not fully voice her fears—she repeatedly says she is “thinking” without specifying about what—suggests she finds them too awful to confront directly. Further, the point of view reinforces the distance between Claire and Stuart, underscoring Stuart’s potential guilt and positioning him as an antagonist of sorts. In this way, the story nudges readers to side with Claire and regard Stuart as a threat to her safety.

Ambiguity

The sparseness of the story is an important feature in establishing The Pervasiveness of Doubt and Deception. Gaps in the plot not only create mystery (and therefore tension) but reinforce the possibility that Stuart may be withholding details of the woman’s death; there are time jumps in the narrative he offers Claire, and it is often unclear which of the men is doing what. These gaps allow the reader to speculate as to what the truth might be. Indeed, while the funeral-goer Claire meets indicates that the culprits have been caught, no other details of the incident ever emerge. The dialogue also creates ambiguity: Whenever Claire tries to talk about the murdered woman, Stuart skirts around the subject. The distrust and fear she feels are unspoken, only creating more and more dissonance between them. Readers must speculate about the cause of their marital discontent in the same way they must guess at Stuart’s involvement in the woman’s death.

Dialogue

Carver’s short story largely conceals the interior lives of characters from the reader. It is through dialogue, then, that character development takes place and the nature of the couple’s marriage emerges. In keeping with Dirty Realism, the language is colloquial and spare. Characters speak in simple, matter-of-fact ways and do not employ flowery or overly emotive diction. Of significance is the way in which dialogue reveals Claire and Stuart’s disconnect: “Don’t rile me” is his response to Claire’s inquiry about why he must travel so far to fish (84), demonstrating his desire to shut down Claire’s attempts to learn more of his encounter with the dead woman.

Carver’s dialogue also shows Claire and Stuart talking at cross purposes, such as when Claire brings up the murder of Arlene Hubley without providing context (83), or as Stuart promises to phone Claire only for her to respond, “I don’t think I’ll be home today” (85).

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