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18 pages 36 minutes read

The Blue Terrance

Fiction | Poem | Adult | Published in 2006

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Literary Devices

Form, Meter, and Repetition

The lyric poem is composed of 13 rhyming three-line stanzas or tercets. The poem’s rhyme scheme is ABA, with words sometimes rhyming roughly or approximately. Lines frequently use the iambic meter, where a stressed sound follows an unstressed one, as in “if you subtract minor losses” (Line 1), though it uses other meters as well. The poem’s structured form is interrupted by its enjambments, with lines sometimes ending in the middle of a compound word. For example, “…but I love the romantic / who submits finally to sex in a burning row- // house more” (Lines 32-34). In this mixture of structure and improvisation, the poem mirrors a blues song, with its “bloodshot octaves” (Line 23).

Consciously musical, the poem uses several auditory devices like alliteration and repetition. Words like blue, the blues, and love repeat through the poem, tying the poem’s internal sounds together. Onomatopoeic expressions like “Thump. Thump / Thump” (Lines 9-10) make it more musical. In keeping with its song-like form, the poem uses stressed sounds and words with fewer syllables, such as “smooth” (Lines 8, 10), “balloon” (Line 27), and “teeth” (Line 35).

Metaphor

Terrance Hayes has described the metaphor as a “gesture of empathy…always trying to connect with something else” (Sy-Quia, Stephanie. “‘I Think of Metaphor as a Gesture of Empathy’: An Interview with Terrance Hayes.” Review31). To build this network of connections with the reader, the poet uses metaphors very frequently, as can be seen in “The Blue Terrance.” The poem’s title itself can be considered a metaphor for the poet’s melancholy state or persona, and the poem invites implicit comparison to a blues song. Trying to regain lost time is compared to subtracting the losses; in math, two negatives (subtract and loss) denote a positive. Thus, attempting to regain time to retrieve innocence only makes the poet feel weighed down by his memories. The mathematical metaphors continue with the image of the chalked crosses, the teacher’s toe ring, the matchbox, and the round garter belt.

The speaker’s identification with the blues is so strong he compares himself to “nothing / but a blue song in a busted speaker” (Lines 18-19). He has become the song, as well as nothing more than a song in an enclosed, confined space. The metaphor simultaneously conveys the lightness of music and the confinement of music struggling to escape. The image of something trying to escape a box, a bird, wind, or song in a box is a recurrent motif in Hayes’s poems and represents the self, struggling to free itself through chosen or imposed formal constraints. The metaphor of the high-strung kite and the deflated balloon describes the extremes of the poet’s joy and despair. It also ties in with the continuing metaphor and song and blues music, since the song rises and falls. The image of a soaring kite evokes the idea of rising notes, while the gutted balloon conjures up a guttural, bass sound. Thus, the poem’s dense system of metaphors builds up its theme of the implacable, multifaceted love and the complex nature of existence, identity, and love.

Allusion

The poem pays tribute to pop music, pop culture, and blues songs through several allusions. While these allusions establish the poem in the tradition of the music it references, they also add meaning and subtext to the poem. For instance, the phrase “these bones in their / funk machine” (Lines 7-8) is an allusion to break dancing, with its characteristic bone-snapping movements, funk music as an art form, as well as the Prince album Funk Machine. Knowing about Prince’s importance in the legacy of American music expands the understanding of Hayes’s poem. Prince is iconic for overturning the idea of Black masculinity, infusing in it a playful sexuality. Further, his music breaks the bounds between blues, funk, and “white” hard rock. Thus, the allusion to Prince deepens the poem’s inner dialogue about race, masculinity, and love.

The allusion to specific songs captures how certain music can conjure up an entire era, specifically one’s youth. For the speaker, this song is possibly “Close the Door” by Teddy Pendergrass. The song, which features a man wooing a woman to close the door and make love, serves as an initiation for the speaker into an awakened sexual self. He is moved by its themes of romance and seduction; additionally, Pendergrass was the quintessential soul singer of the 1970s, arguably not given his due in mainstream singing because of his Black identity. The allusion to Pendergrass establishes that the speaker became aware of his sexual and romantic self at the same time he became aware of the racial biases and the specific problems Black people face in America.

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