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99 pages 3 hours read

The School Story

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2001

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Symbols & Motifs

Cassandra Day

Natalie’s author persona, Cassandra Day, is a symbol of Natalie’s confidence. When Cassandra Day is alive and present, Natalie feels comfortable and confident in herself. However, when Natalie loses motivation and confidence in herself, her writing, or Zoe’s plan, the narrative indicates that through the state of Cassandra Day.

After establishing Cassandra Day as her author persona in Chapter 5, Natalie begins to think more about Zoe’s plan and talks herself out of it. She wonders, “what if other people thought the book was really bad?” (30). Natalie calls Zoe to tell her the plan is off. Zoe asks to speak to Cassandra Day, to which Natalie replies, “Give it up, Zoe. Cassandra Day is dead” (32). Natalie’s confidence in the plan is completely gone, and she represents that feeling through the “death” of Cassandra Day.

However, Zoe continues to demand that Cassandra Day be put on the phone, so Natalie reluctantly obliges. Zoe gives “Cassandra” a pep talk, telling her, “One day your grandchildren are going to read all the books you’ve written. And we are going to get this first one published, okay?” (33). After Zoe’s motivational speech, “Cassandra Day was still alive, but she wasn’t exactly in tip-top shape” (35). By speaking to “Cassandra” and not to Natalie herself, Zoe manages to boost Natalie’s confidence and revive Cassandra Day, showing how Cassandra is a symbol of Natalie’s confidence.

However, Natalie continues to struggle with her faith in Zoe’s plan and her confidence in herself after learning about the slush pile. Though Natalie has given her word that she would work on her book over the weekend, “Natalie Nelson didn’t feel like writing at all, and by Saturday morning Cassandra Day was nowhere to be found” (41). Natalie’s lack of motivation and confidence is represented by Cassandra Day’s absence. Zoe also recognizes that Natalie is still uncertain of herself and of the plan, acknowledging after their conversation that “Cassandra Day was still in danger” (45). When the girls reunite after the weekend, Zoe can tell from the look on Natalie’s face that “Cassandra Day was dead again” (56).

Zoe again works hard to revive Cassandra Day, but it is Natalie’s own realization that the publishing plan is important to Zoe that brings her around. Natale chooses to have faith in Zoe and in herself. Natalie “put her hand out and shook Zoe’s. Then in her author’s voice Natalie said, ‘Ms. Clutch, I’m Cassandra Day. My friend Zoe says you’re a terrific agent’” (60). Natalie’s decision to trust Zoe and herself brings Cassandra Day back to life.

The Slush Pile

The slush pile is a symbol of the challenges new authors face while publishing. Before she becomes interested in publishing her own work, Natalie has a vague idea of what it’s like. She also has a vague idea of what the slush pile is when talking to Zoe. She says, “I’ve seen stacks and stacks of envelopes filled with new books from new authors, and most of them don’t get published” (14). However, Natalie doesn’t have a full idea of the publishing process just like she doesn’t have a full idea of how the slush pile works.

As Natalie learns about the slush pile, she also learns how difficult it is for authors to get their work published. In Chapter 7, Natalie asks her mom about the pile of envelopes and learns that it’s called the “slush pile.” Natalie’s mom explains that they’re “unsolicited submissions” and that “[t]he people in the mail room bring us nine or ten new ones every single day, and twice as many on Mondays” (37). She goes on to explain that “[m]ost of those [authors] get sent a rejection letter” (38). Natalie becomes disconcerted by this information, replying that “[i]t doesn’t seem fair” that these authors don’t get their work looked at thoroughly (38). As Natalie and her mom talk more and more about the slush pile, Natalie learns how difficult it is for new authors to get their books published, even if they’re good. The slush pile is a symbol of these difficulties, embodying the thousands of potential authors who cannot get their work published.

The slush pile as a symbol comes back in Chapter 14, once Natalie’s manuscript has been assigned to her mother. As she lies awake in bed, Natalie “thought about the heap of envelopes stacked up in Ella’s darkened office” (106) and relates every envelope to a potential writer still hoping for news about their book. Natalie feels guilty because “Her envelope wasn’t in a heap somewhere in a dark office. Her story was in the editor’s briefcase” (107). Natalie understands that by skipping the slush pile, she has skipped a major obstacle that many other potential authors have to deal with. The presentation of the slush pile as a formidable obstacle helps to communicate how difficult it is for authors to get their work published.

Natalie’s Book

Natalie’s book The Cheater works as a motif to develop The Effects of Loss theme. The connection between Natalie’s love of reading and writing and her love for her late father is established in Chapter 2. As a toddler, Natalie “loved it when her mom or dad read to her” (8-9). Natalie’s love for reading comes from her parents, “who loved good books almost as much as they loved her” (9). Natalie’s love for writing develops from her love for reading, creating a connection between her parents’ influence and her talent for writing. After her father’s death, Natalie creates a workspace for herself, using “her dad’s old red desk chair and […] his old Macintosh computer” because “it was as close as Natalie could get to her dad” (12).

After Chapter 2 establishes the connection between Natalie’s writing and her dad, the contents of Natalie’s book become an important motif to communicate the way Natalie is still grieving her father. Zoe, who is the first person to read Natalie’s book, notices the way Natalie explores father-daughter relationships as a means of working through her own feelings about her father’s death. Zoe observes that the main character’s father is the hero of the story. She knows that at the heart of the book “[i]t was about a girl and her dad” (55). She believes “[t]he book was like a good-bye poem from Natalie to her father” (55), which keeps Zoe motivated to see their plan through to the end and get the book published.

Zoe isn’t the only one to notice the link between the book’s contents and the loss of Natalie’s dad. After Hannah tells Natalie all about the new manuscript she’s read, unaware that it’s Natalie’s own manuscript, she “wished she hadn’t said anything to Natalie about the book. Because the strongest section of the book was the part about this girl and her dad” (110-11). Hannah goes on to worry about Natalie because “she didn’t seem to need to talk about not having a dad, but maybe that was a problem” (111). Without knowing that Natalie has written the manuscript in question, Hannah relates the relationship between the main character and her father to her daughter’s grief. Hannah’s concern that Natalie doesn’t talk about her father conveys the idea that Natalie uses writing to process her grief rather than talking, further solidifying Natalie’s book as a motif for The Effects of Loss.

In the final chapter, Natalie and her mother discuss this link face-to-face. Having revealed her identity as the author of The Cheater, Hannah explains how she was worried about telling Natalie about the book because she “thought those sections [about the girl and her father] might be too hard for you” (189). Natalie confirms that “Those parts were hard to write. But I wanted to remember Daddy. I wanted to feel what it would be like if he was still here. I don’t want to forget about him, not ever” (189). By putting her feelings about her late father into her writing, Natalie finds a way to process some of her grief about not having him around, making Natalie’s book a motif that communicates how loss of a loved one can affect people.

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